安装对应版本`python`

如果系统安装的python版本和项目所需的版本不一致，需要手动下载python二进制包编译安装

获取指定版本python，网址

https://registry.npmmirror.com/binary.html?path=python/

https://registry.npmmirror.com/binary.html?path=python/

比如现在安装python3.6.15版本，下面命令参数需要依据具体python版本而改变

创建文件夹

$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/python3

$ sudo mkdir /usr/local/python3

获取对应版本的压缩包文件

$ cd /usr/local/python3
$ sudo wget https://cdn.npmmirror.com/binaries/python/3.6.15/Python-3.6.15.tar.xz

$ cd /usr/local/python3
$ sudo wget https://cdn.npmmirror.com/binaries/python/3.6.15/Python-3.6.15.tar.xz

解压压缩包之后cd到解压文件夹，会存在一个配置文件configure

$ sudo tar -xvf Python-3.6.15.tar.xz

$ sudo tar -xvf Python-3.6.15.tar.xz

执行配置文件，该操作会生成Makefile文件

$ cd /usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.15
$ sudo ./configure  --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python3

$ cd /usr/local/python3/Python-3.6.15
$ sudo ./configure  --enable-optimizations --prefix=/usr/local/python3

--enable-optimizations允许进行优化，--prefix指定安装目录

编译，安装

$ sudo make all
$ sudo make install

$ sudo make all
$ sudo make install

上述步骤执行完成之后，/usr/local/python3/bin会安装好对应版本的python和pip可执行文件，现在创建对应的软链接

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3.6
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3.6

$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/pip3.6 /usr/bin/pip3.6
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/python3/bin/python3.6 /usr/bin/python3.6

验证安装结果，可以看到pip3.6指向的python版本以及对应位置

$ pip3.6 -V
pip 18.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)

$ pip3.6 -V
pip 18.1 from /usr/local/python3/lib/python3.6/site-packages/pip (python 3.6)

注意点

由于python的位置是/usr/local/python3，所以在pip安装完成一些库生成的二进制包的可执行文件路径位置是/usr/local/python3/bin/

比如安装完成celery和uwsgi，所以执行的时候需要执行

/usr/local/python3/bin/celery或者/usr/local/python3/bin/uwsgi

`docker`拉取镜像超时

docker pull redis报错如下

Head https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/redis/manifests/latest: Get https://auth.docker.io/token?scope=repository%3Alibrary%2Fredis%3Apull&service=registry.docker.io: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection

Head https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/library/redis/manifests/latest: Get https://auth.docker.io/token?scope=repository%3Alibrary%2Fredis%3Apull&service=registry.docker.io: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection

或者报错如下

Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

Get https://registry-1.docker.io/v2/: net/http: request canceled while waiting for connection (Client.Timeout exceeded while awaiting headers)

则需要修改域名解析文件/etc/resolv.conf，直接使用vim编辑

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

nameserver 8.8.8.8
nameserver 8.8.4.4

之后重启docker

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

$ sudo systemctl restart docker

`docker`拉取镜像报错非法`tar`头部

报错如下

failed to register layer: ApplyLayer exit status 1 stdout:  stderr: archive/tar: invalid tar header

failed to register layer: ApplyLayer exit status 1 stdout:  stderr: archive/tar: invalid tar header

该错误产生原因是使用unpigz解压缩docker镜像层导致的

解决方案一，移动unpigz可执行文件位置使其不解压

$ mv /usr/bin/unpigz /usr/bin/unpigz.bak

$ mv /usr/bin/unpigz /usr/bin/unpigz.bak

解决方案二，参考docker官方文档，配置对应的环境变量

$ vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 在Service的单元下面，增加这一行
[Service]
Environment="MOBY_DISABLE_PIGZ=true"

$ vim /usr/lib/systemd/system/docker.service

# 在Service的单元下面，增加这一行
[Service]
Environment="MOBY_DISABLE_PIGZ=true"

`git clone`域名解析报错

报错输出Could not resolve host: gitee.com

麒麟系统的git感觉压根就不支持域名解析，首先查看gitee.com的IP

$ nslookup gitee.com
Server:         223.5.5.5
Address:        223.5.5.5#53

Non-authoritative answer:
gitee.com	canonical name = aoufnebg.dayugslb.com.
Name:	aoufnebg.dayugslb.com
Address: 212.64.63.215
Name:	aoufnebg.dayugslb.com
Address: 212.64.63.190

$ nslookup gitee.com
Server:         223.5.5.5
Address:        223.5.5.5#53

Non-authoritative answer:
gitee.com	canonical name = aoufnebg.dayugslb.com.
Name:	aoufnebg.dayugslb.com
Address: 212.64.63.215
Name:	aoufnebg.dayugslb.com
Address: 212.64.63.190

查询不到的话需要显示指定dns地址

$ nslookup gitee.com 8.8.8.8

$ nslookup gitee.com 8.8.8.8

最后把对应的IP解析写入/etc/hosts

212.64.63.190 gitee.com

212.64.63.190 gitee.com

`git clone`的`gnutls`报错

报错输出gnutls_handshake() failed: 在 push 函数中出错

这个解决比较麻烦，需要把gnutls替换为openssl，只能从源码构建git解决

安装一些前置依赖

$ apt-get install dh-autoreconf libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev

$ apt-get install dh-autoreconf libcurl4-gnutls-dev libexpat1-dev gettext libz-dev libssl-dev

查看系统当前git版本

$ git version
git version 2.25.1

$ git version
git version 2.25.1

保险起见获取一个相同版本的git包

获取git的网站地址kernel.org，git镜像

$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.25.1.tar.gz

$ wget https://mirrors.edge.kernel.org/pub/software/scm/git/git-2.25.1.tar.gz

解压编译

$ tar -zxf git-2.25.1.tar.gz
$ cd git-2.25.1
$ make configure

$ tar -zxf git-2.25.1.tar.gz
$ cd git-2.25.1
$ make configure

这个时候默认是使用openssl的（这个不清楚在别的版本是否是这样的）

执行之前先执行如下命令，查看输出的提示信息当中是否有这一行

$ ./configure --help
...
  --with-openssl          use OpenSSL library (default is YES)
                          ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers
...

$ ./configure --help
...
  --with-openssl          use OpenSSL library (default is YES)
                          ARG can be prefix for openssl library and headers
...

编译安装

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/git
$ make
$ make install

$ ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/git
$ make
$ make install

最后删除系统自带的git，创建一个软链接指向编译生成的git

$ sudo mv /usr/bin/git /usr/bin/git.back
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/git/bin/git /usr/bin/git

$ sudo mv /usr/bin/git /usr/bin/git.back
$ sudo ln -s /usr/local/git/bin/git /usr/bin/git

`psycopg2`或者`psycopy2-binary`的`pip`依赖错误

报错Error: pg_config executable not found.

pg_config是位于postgresql-devel包当中
在Debian/Ubuntu系当中需要安装libpq-dev
在Centos/Fedora/Cygwin/Babun/Redhat系的系统当中需要libpq-devel
麒麟系统执行apt install libpq-dev

`lxml`的`pip`依赖错误

报错Error: Please make sure the libxml2 and libxslt development packages are installed

执行apt install libxml2 libxslt1-dev

`pillow`的`pip`依赖错误

报错如下

    The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
    a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
    
    Please see the install instructions at:
       https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

    The headers or library files could not be found for jpeg,
    a required dependency when compiling Pillow from source.
    
    Please see the install instructions at:
       https://pillow.readthedocs.io/en/latest/installation.html

顺着文档下去发现有很多二进制依赖，注意到zlib和libjpeg库是必要的

去查看python pillow的arm架构的Dockerfile查看需要安装到包

目前只需要按照必要的包即可解决问题

$ apt install libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev

$ apt install libjpeg8-dev zlib1g-dev

参考阅读

docker daemon文档

python pillow的arm架构的Dockerfile

安装对应版本python ​

docker拉取镜像超时 ​

docker拉取镜像报错非法tar头部 ​

git clone域名解析报错 ​

git clone的gnutls报错 ​

psycopg2或者psycopy2-binary的pip依赖错误 ​

lxml的pip依赖错误 ​

pillow的pip依赖错误 ​

参考阅读 ​